The Independent, or IND, was the last of the three former
competing subway systems. Built by the city to be "independent" of the
interests of the IRT and BMT, it contributed six major lines to what
is now the unified New York Subway. This view, at West 4th Street, is
representative of the way the IND stations appeared for many years
after their opening. Photo by Doug
Grotjahn.
History Of The
Independent Subway
www.nycsubway.org is proud to have a full history of the
Independent Subway and today's IND Division. It covers the development
of the Independent system from early planning and construction, its
ambitious expansion plans, its role in the unification of the three
competing systems, and recent developments in planning future subway
lines.
New Subways:
Proposed Additions to Rapid Transit System...
A 1922 proposal by the Transit Commission proposed some
extensions to the Dual Contracts system, including some lines that
were eventually built as part of the Independent Subway.
Subway Consolidation Necessary
for Adequate Service and Economy
This report published in 1927 spoke out against the IND's plans
and suggested alternatives.
The IND Second System: 1929
Plan
The IND Second System plan
included the Second Avenue subway and other new lines in Manhattan,
and extensive new construction in the Bronx, Queens, and
Brooklyn.
Gay Midnight Crowd Rides
First Trains in the New Subway
The New York Times coverage of September 10, 1932, the
morning after the opening of the IND Eighth Avenue subway.
The Jay-Smith Street Subway and
Part of the Fulton Street Subway in the Borough of
Brooklyn
A 1934 paper presented
to the Municipal Engineers Society of the City of New York describes
construction techniques of the IND in Brooklyn.
The 1939 World's Fair
Railroad
This overview of the
1939 World's Fair subway extension includes a discussion of
single-line diagrams and a visit to Jamaica Yard.
IND Opening Dates
Timeline.
IND Station Tile
Colors.
|
